PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.